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The idea of creating machines which can operate autonomously dates back to olden times, but the proper research into the implementation and potential uses of robots did not grow properly until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed that on one-day robots will be able to imitate human behaviour and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today, robotics is one of the rapidly growing fields domestically, commercially, or militarily. Numerous robots are built to do jobs that are dangerous for mankind such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and exploring mines and shipwrecks
Artificial intelligence is the imitation of human intelligence organized by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include the acquisition of information and rules for using the information as well as using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions and self-correction. specific applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision. Some homo sapiens also consider AI to be a threat to humanity if it progresses further. Others believe that AI, unlike previous technological revolutions, will create a risk of mass unemployment. Nowadays usage of AI techniques has become an essential part of the technology industry, helping to solve numerous advanced problems in computer science.
Robot dynamics explains the relationship between the forces that act on a robot mechanism and the accelerations produced by robots. Typically, the robotic mechanism is modelled as a rigid-body system, in which case, robot dynamics is the application of rigid-body dynamics to robots.
Artificial intelligence is the imitation of human intelligence organized by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include the acquisition of information and rules for using the information as well as using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions and self-correction. specific applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision. Some homo sapiens also consider AI to be a threat to humanity if it progresses further. Others believe that AI, unlike previous technological revolutions, will create a risk of mass unemployment. Nowadays usage of AI techniques has become an essential part of the technology industry, helping to solve numerous advanced problems in computer science.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that uses physical devices which are connected to the internet and can communicate with each other via exchange of data. The collected data could be processed intelligently to make the devices smarter.
Nuclear Robotics is an interdisciplinary wing that develops and deploys very advanced robots in hazardous environments to reduce the risk for mankind. Researchers complete a rigorous interdisciplinary curriculum to understand the requirements for deploying systems in the nuclear or other relevant domain. The UK has 4.9 million tonnes of legacy nuclear waste. Cleaning this up is the largest and most complex environmental remediation task in Europe. Much of this work must be carried out by robots because the materials are too hazardous for humans. However, the robotic solutions required just do not yet exist. The NCNR will be at the leading position for enhancing these technologies. Its researchers will lead the way in world-leading robotics and AI, and training the next generation of nuclear roboticists.
Human-robot interaction is the study of interactions between humans and robots. It is often referred to as HRI by researchers. Human-robot interaction is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, robotics, natural language understanding, design, and social sciences. Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is an advanced stream that has been grabbing a lot of attention over the past few years due to the increase in availability of complex robots and people's exposure to such robots in their daily lives, e.g. as robotic toys or, to some extent, as household appliances (robotic vacuum cleaners or lawn movers). Nowadays robots have been used vastly for real-world applications such as robots in rehabilitation, eldercare, robot-assisted therapy and in educational applications. Due to the advancement in AI, the research is concentrating not only towards the safest physical interaction but also on a socially correct interaction, dependent on cultural criteria. The aim is to create an intuitive, and easy communication with the robot through speech, gestures, and facial expressions.
Nanorobotics is an upcoming advanced technology which enables to create robots at or near the scale of a nanometre. More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering stream of designing and creating nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometres and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. Nanobot, nanoid, nanite, nanomachine, or nanometer are some of the terms that can be used to describe such devices which are currently under research and development. Another definition of nanorobot is a robot that allows precise interactions with nanoscale objects or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Such devices are more related to microscopy or scanning probe microscopy, instead of the description of nanorobots as a molecular machine. Equipment such as an atomic force microscope can be understood as a nanorobot when made to perform nanomanipulation. For this viewpoint, macroscale robots are microrobots that can move with nanoscale precision.
With the rise of Deep Learning concepts that rely on neurons based models, researchers have been developing hardware chips which can directly implement neural network architecture. These chips are programmed to mimic the brain at the hardware level. Usually, in an ordinary chip, the data is required to be transferred between the central processing unit and storage blocks, which results in time overheads and energy consumption. In a neuromorphic chip, data is both compiled and stored in the chip in an analogue manner and can generate synapses when required, saving time and energy.
Basically, Robotic Vision involves a combination of camera hardware and computer algorithms to enable robots to sense and process visual data regarding the world. For instance, some systems have a 2D camera which detects an object for the robot to pick up. An example involving complexity is to use a 3D stereo camera to make a robot function to mount wheels onto a moving vehicle. Without Robotic Vision, a robot is essentially blind. This is not a problem for many robotic tasks, but for some applications, Robot Vision is useful or even essential. Robot Vision is also related to Machine Vision. The terms robot vision, as well as Machine vision, are closely related to Computer Vision. If we were talking about a family tree, Computer Vision could be seen as their "parent."This is one of the fascinating field of visual intelligence as well as machine learning. Visual intelligence enables a robot to “sense” and “recognize” the environment. It also enables a robot to “learn” from the memory of past experiences by extracting patterns in visual signals.
Rehabilitation robotics is considered as a specific focus of biomedical engineering. In this field, clinicians, therapists, and engineers collaborate to help rehabilitate patients. Prominent goals in the field include developing implementable technologies that can be easily used by patients, therapists, and clinicians enhancing the efficiency of clinician's therapies and thereby enlarging the ease of activities in the daily lives of patients. From the past decade, the number of rehabilitation robots has increased but they are very limited due to the clinical trials. Many clinics have trials but did not accept the robots because they wish they were remotely controlled. Making Robots involved in the rehabilitation of a patient has some advantages. One of the positive aspects is the fact that you can repeat the process as many times as you desired. Another positive aspect is the fact that you can get accurate measurements of their improvement or decline. You can get the exact measurements via sensors on the device. While the robot is about to take measurements, one needs to be careful because the robot may be disrupted. The rehabilitation robot can be able to apply constant therapy for long periods. The rehabilitation robot is a useful machine to use according to many therapists, scientists, and patients who have undergone the therapy. In the process of recovery, he is unable to understand the patient’s needs like a well-experienced therapist would. The robot is unable to understand now but in the future, the device will be able to understand. Another advantage of having a rehabilitation robot is that there will be no physical effort to put into work by the therapist.
Autonomous robots have the skill to grasp required information regarding their environments and work for a certain period of time without human involvement. There are many examples of these robots that range from autonomous choppers to vacuum cleaners. These self-dependent robots can involve themselves throughout the task assigned without any human intervention and are capable to avoid situations which are harmful to themselves or people and property. Autonomous robots can easily adapt to changing surroundings. Autonomous robots can be used even in busy environments, like a hospital. Instead of employees leaving their posts, an autonomous robot can be able to deliver lab results and patient samples expeditiously and accurately. Without established guidance, these robots can be used to navigate the hospital hallways, and can even find alternate routes when a way gets blocked. They can be made to stop at some pick-up points and collect samples to bring to the lab. Autonomous robots get the tasks to be carried out with a better degree of accuracy, which is specifically wanted in some fields such as spaceflight, household maintenance, wastewater treatment and delivering goods.
Cognitive robotics is one of the vital wing among robotics that deals with robots which can learn from experiences and also from human beings, and even on their own, thereby cultivating the skill to effectively deal with our environment. On one side conventional cognitive programming approaches have been assuming symbolic coding schemes as a way for representing the environment, rendering this environment into these kinds of symbolic representations has assumed to be a trouble if not undefendable. Perception and action and the notion of symbolic representation are therefore core issues to be addressed in cognitive robotics.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing systems motivated by the biological neural networks that compose animal brains. An ANN is based on the assembly of linked units or nodes called artificial neurons. The artificial neuron that encounters the signal can process it and then notify artificial neurons connected to it. It has the ability to deal with incomplete information. Neural networks can be classified based on some attributes known as Connection type, Topology and Learning methods.
The field of robotics is undergoing a revolutionary change, which will impact all aspects of our society. These advances, driven by highly collaborative and interdisciplinary research, will allow robots to perform tasks not suited for humans, to work safely in close proximity and in collaboration with humans, and to operate safely and effectively in natural human environments. Robotics is a new domain of engineering. Robots have been classified depending upon the circuits. These are classified into three types:
Currently, robots perform a number of different jobs in numerous fields and the amount of tasks delegated to robots is increasing progressively. The best way to split robots into types is a partition by their application. 1. Industrial robots 2. Domestic or household robots 3. Medical robots 4. Service robots 5. Military robots 6. Entertainment robots 7. Space robots 8. Hobby and competition robots Now, as we can observe that there are a number of examples that fit well into one or more of these types. For illustration, there can be a deep ocean discovery robot that can collect a number of precious information that can be employed for military or armed forces. Robots were made by humans just for the sake of entertainment but by now they are being used for assisting humans in various sectors. Human beings are better suitable for multifaceted, imaginative, adaptive jobs, and robots are good for dreary, recurring tasks, permitting human beings to do the harder thinking jobs, whereas a robot is now used for replacing humans for various recurring tasks or entertainment to make living more expedient.
A robot must not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a homosapiens to harm. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must be programmed in a way such that it also must protect its own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law as mentioned. Robot ethics, also known by the expression "roboethics", deals with ethical problems such as whether robots pose a danger to humans in the long or short run, whether some uses of robots are problematic and how robots should be programmed such as they act ethically. Roboethics deals with the ethics of technology, specifically information technology, and it has close links to legal as well as socio-economic concerns. Researchers from diverse areas are beginning to tackle ethical questions about creating robotic technology and implementing it in societies, in a way that will still ensure the safety of the human race.
Machine Learning (ML) include topics about developing systems that enhance their performance with experience. In the last decade of progress, AI can easily be attributed to the advances in ML. ML is very popular that it has become synonymous with Artificial Intelligence. The researchers have been focusing on scaling the state-of-the-art ML algorithms to large datasets.
Industrial robots offer numerous invaluable benefits for businesses, but safety is critical for success. Like any tool or piece of equipment, robots can be just as hazardous as they are useful. Industrial robot safety precautions are crucial to ensure everyone working with and around robots is not in danger. These precautions will vary from one business and robot to another. However, there are some core steps that all organizations should take to ensure industrial robot safety.
All accepted abstracts will be published in respective Allied Academies Journals.
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